Beatles Break Up Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s,

Beatles Break Up Final paper; The Beatles Break-up The End of a Legend As they walked off the plane, thousands of people stood there to welcome them. They were screaming their names and singing their songs. Everyone had heard of them, they were the true meaning of rock and roll; they defined it. They were the biggest sensation since Elvis; they called themselves The Beatles. They had never expected to be the next sensation. No one ever expects to become a great legend in national or world history. It had taken them two years to establish the final four members, but once they joined together they were known around the world. Even though they were not the greatest guitarists, drummers, singers or musicians (Professor Joel Friedman, personal interview). As a whole they came together as a world champion team, like a finely tuned machine. But just as every dynasty has its finest hour they came to an end, just like any great thing. No one ever wanted or thought this miraculous band would ever cease to be. However, they did, but why is the question many people still ask today. They were four young men with a dream to play in a band. The members consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, and George Harrison. The band was created in nineteen sixty, but the group was not fully established until nineteen sixty-two. This is when the name British Invasion first started to take acclaim. They toured around the world performing everywhere. Not wanting to ever stop for a second because of the love they all had for music and because of how hard they had worked to finally achieve what all human beings want, success. They had about seven great years together, at least from what the world new, but soon things started to change. The group began to have difficulties within themselves. Internal conflict is what brings all great things to stop working like clockwork. The question is what was so bad that this extremely talented group had to break up? There is much controversy to why the group broke up. Many people believed different things, the problems varied; the problems ranged from drugs to personal differences among one another. The group gave many interviews and had many discussions to why they had broken up, but still there are debates. People now are starting to come to the conclusion, that there is not one specific reason to why the exceptional band ended. Could the Beatles just have not had anything left to do with their music? According to The Beatles, written by Allan Kozinn, the Beatles had given seven great years of music, but the whole group wanted different things. In a personal interview done with Professor Friedman, the possibilities were endless to why they ended. Lennon had begun recording a record with his wife and felt it was in his best interests to go solo. McCartney, one of the key writers for the band, began creating songs solo. The band no longer worked as a group to accomplish things; they would just come together as one when they needed to record. The band started to feel that it would just be better to go on their own paths and see where they would end. Many people say this reason could not be true because all of the Beatles songs say written by McCartney-Lennon. McCartney and Lennon would no longer try to create songs together, or try to put music to what they had written. It got to the point were the only reason the songs were McCartney-Lennon was because Lennon might give his opinion if McCartney needed help, not because he wanted to help him write (Friedman). According to the web site, on March 30, 2000, www.askjeeves.com, Harrison had wanted more artistic freedom with his work, which was not possible. Harrison had become very interested in Indian music, culture and philosophy; he wanted to incorporate it into the Beatles music, but Lennon and McCartney would have no part of that. (Kozinn, 162). They believed that they were the two writers for the group, and did not want to incorporate Harrison's music into their band, therefore he felt as though he was being shunned

War on Iraq essays

War on Iraq essays The Bush administration officials are making plans for a major invasion of Iraq that could come as early as this fall. The Bush administration feels that attacking Iraq and overthrowing Saddam Hussein is part of the campaign against terrorism and is needed to prevent Iraq's development of weapons of mass destruction. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States has been on high alert and is willing to do anything to assure the safety of the American people. War against Iraq, the destruction of its infrastructure and the killing of Iraqi citizens and U.S. soldiers would be a crime against humanity. It is imperative that we do all we can to prevent this catastrophe. Saddam Hussein cannot be trusted. The risk is simply too great that he will use instruments of mass death and destruction or provide them to a terrorist network, said Bush.(Newsday, October 6, 2002) The United States doesnt have the authority to invade Iraq on assumptions and predictions. There is no justification for war. Iraq has not attacked or threatened the United States, and there is no evidence linking Iraq to the attacks of September 11, 2001. The Bush Administration has failed to produce credible evidence that the Iraqi regime has any links whatsoever with Al Qaeda. None of the September 11 hijackers were Iraqi, no major figure in Al Qaeda is Iraqi, nor has any part of Al Qaeda's money trail been traced to Iraq. An attack on Iraq could result in thousands of innocent victims being killed. A military overthrow of Saddam Hussein would require U.S. forces to occupy Iraq in hostile circumstances for quite some time. One of the goals of the Bush administration is to pr event the use of weapons of mass destruction. If attacked, what is stopping Saddam Hussein from using these weapons against the United States troops attacking, or even Israel? These weapons could be chemical or biological and can cause severe damage. ...

News Corporation Strategic Management Case Study

News Corporation Strategic Management - Case Study Example In the 1920s, News Corporation started out as an Australia-based chain of newspapers. Its growth has been driven mainly by an aggressive acquisition strategy, with large stakes in the film, television, publishing, and several other industries. Today, the company operates and owns, among others, Twentieth Century Fox, Star TV, British Sky Broadcasting, DirecTV, and several joint ventures worldwide. In 2004, it reincorporated in the US. Corporate strategy is used to set "the purpose of the organisation and the plans and actions to achieve that purpose" (qtd. in Lynch, 2006). It pertains to scope, which is always depicted along three dimensions: geography, product market, and value chain or vertical integration (Figure 1). For instance, which industries and markets are most suitable for the company Or, considering the various competing forces surrounding the firm, which direction would deliver the most value: diversification, vertical integration, mergers, or acquisitions Perhaps, it could be a combination of these approaches or a new business venture altogether. In the last century, industry has become increasingly internationalised, due to three main drivers of change: economic growth, fewer barriers to multinational expansion, and technological developments (Leontiades, 1987, 5). Once a company takes its operations beyond national borders, it grows not only in size but impact, making strategic decisions even more critical. Moreover, the meaning of strategy shifts as the corporate purpose is localised and translated at the business level. As the company operationalises its blueprint, it is faced with competitive pressures and so, to succeed, it must be able to match its strengths with the various opportunities available in the environment. At the same time, it must stay flexible and dynamic, since the market landscape is never static. In other words, business strategy deals with continuously building comparative advantage over its rivals (Grant, 2002, 23). The Rise of the Transnational Media Corporation Perhaps more than any other type of organisation, mass media companies have established worldwide operations of the widest scale, thus, giving rise to the "transnational media corporation" (TNMC). But as internationalisation spread, trends of privatisation and consolidation also arose - especially after the 1980s, when mergers, acquisitions, and strategic alliances were negotiated worldwide at an unprecedented pace - not just in mass media but also in finance, aviation, and other fronts. The massive realignment of industries intensified further when information and communication technologies (ICTs) were widely adopted by businesses and, later, entered the consumer mainstream. Besides News Corporation - one of the more iconic examples in the industry of an internationalised company - these TNMCs also include Time Warner, Walt Disney, Sony Inc., and Bertelsmann A.G. According to Gershon (1996, 6), these entities have engaged in the TNMC strategy for at least one of five reasons: proprietary assets and natural resources, foreign market penetration, production and distribution efficiencies, overcoming regulatory barriers to entry, and empire building. The Role of Leadership While Murdoch may have been motivated by a

Analysis modeling, Design Concepts and Architectural Design Assignment

Analysis modeling, Design Concepts and Architectural Design - Assignment Example ER diagrams reflect the relationship between entities and associated attributes in the data model, whereas class diagram reflects the relationship between classes and their associated attributes of the proposed system handling real-life business scenario. ER diagram defines underlying business logic in tables of database and their relation, whereas class diagram business process of objects into the real-world (Pressman, 2005). ER diagram provides logical representation of tables in the data model and their relationship. Class diagram defines the structural element of the system and their process to create software. Software design is not a program, but it defines high level abstraction or pieces of logic for satisfying business requirement from a client into creation and delivery of software before even coding starts (Pressman, 2005). Software design creates a plan from inception phase of software till final piece of software in alignment with desired outcomes expected from client. Software design needs to utilize all information available regarding business objective and technological requirement to make successful creation of software. Programming is an important aspect of software that requires data synchronization through communication between technical and business players to make information system successful. Different modules defining different functions of the program is a preferable option in comparison to putting whole logic into one large module because of maintenance, readability, debugging, and the ease of writing. Modular programming provides independence of developing and testing irrespective of what other different pieces of logic are doing. It also makes the main part of code easier to understand and maintain as only simple function and procedure is called instead of a large program written in the main section of

Compare and Contrast Great Britain and France's most recent elections Research Paper

Compare and Contrast Great Britain and France's most recent elections - Research Paper Example This writing will focus upon the recent elections that took place in France as well as Great Britain. This writing will focus upon the differences between the election procedures, power structures, voting trends and voting systems experienced by the Great Britain and France. Body French Elections 2012 The presidential elections of 2012 that were held in France during the month of 2012 had a total of 10 individuals running for the president. These ten individuals included Francois Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy. Sarkozy was the previous president of France and was running for the seat for the second time and according to the constitution of France; he was running for the second and the final time. After the first set of elections, both Sarkozy and Hollande stood as the leaders with 28% votes earned by Hollande and 27% votes earned by Sarkozy. This led to the second round in which both Hollande and Sarkozy took part, the end result of the second round was that both failed to gain majorit y and the difference between the percentage of votes for both the candidates was only 3%. Hollande took the lead by winning 51.64 votes and Sarkozy stood second by winning 48.36% votes (Thompson 131). This ended in the victory of Hollande and after this election followed the elections of Legislative level. The number of people who voted during the second round was much higher than the number of people who voted in the elections of the Great Britain. The average votes from all the territories was 82%, in which highest turnaround was experienced in the voters of Lot and lowest turnaround was experienced in the votes from the region of Saint-Martin. Sarkozy had a stronger hold in the southern and eastern regions of the nation and he was able to secure 60% of the total votes. Sarkozy even gained majority in areas that had voted in round one for Marine Le Pen but ample amount for support from Hollande was even available because of his proposal of Change. A two staged election process is used in France to select the president of the nation, in the first round different parties take part and one candidate from these parties is selected to run for the president’s office. Those who are elected as candidates have to attain 500 endorsements before being selected as a candidate. If the results of the first round do not select a majority, then a second round takes place in which two candidates who have the most number of votes run for the office and the individual who secures the majority of the votes in the second round, ends up securing the position. The voters list of France comprises of all French citizens who have reached the age of 18, these people include only those who are regarded as French Nationals and are registered to vote. There are several issues on which the voters of French presidential elections cast their vote. One of the major issues concerning the voters is the issue of unemployment which as been quite high in the recent past. According to the 2 007 statistics, the rate of unemployment in France was 9% (Brooke 757). The most lethal issue experienced by voters is the issue of immigration. It is said that the French community has become divided due to the issue of immigration. The numbers of immigrants that have been deported from France since 2002 have increased and have doubled. Another issue experienced by the voters of presidential elections is the issue of Law and order. The most popular party

Biology Essays Factors affecting mammal population in the neotropics

Biology Essays Factors affecting mammal population in the neotropics An essay on the factors affecting mammal population in the neotropics and the challenges managing these populations. Introduction The Neotropics includes Mexico, Central America, South America, the Caribbean and Southern Florida and it also hold the greatest amount of standing forests. These wooded wildlands are mosaic in a variety of green that together add up to some 1.37 million acres. Mammals in these areas are affected by several factors which affect their livelihood and sustenance. As a result, any of these species are either being extinct or reduced. Mammals are described as any of a large group of warm-blooded vertebrate animals characterized by having mammary glands in the female, which is used for suckling the young. Other features includes hairs which are very reduced in some species such as whales, a middle ear formed from three small bones (ossicles), a lower jaw consisting of two bones only, seven vertebrae in the neck and no nucleus in the red blood cells. Mammals belong to the class Mammalia. They are divided into three groups. Eutherians (Placental mammals), this is where the young develop inside the mother’s body in the uterus and receives nourishment from the blood of the mother via the placenta. The Marsupials (Pouched mammlas), where the young’s are born at an early stage of development and develop futher in a pouch on the mother’s body where they are attached to and feed from a nipple and the final group being, Monotremes (Egg- laying mammlas), this is where the young hatch from an egg outside the mother’s body and then nourished with milk. The monotremes are the least evolved and have been largely displaced by more sophisticated marsupials and placentals, so they are only a few types surviving platypus and echidna. Placental mammals have spread to all parts of the globe where they have competed with marsupials; they have in general displaced the marsupial types. However, marsupials occupy many specialized niches in South America and especially Australia. There are over 4000 species of mammals, adapted to almost every way of life, with the smallest shrew weighing 2g/0.07oz and the largest the whale up to 140 tons. According to the Red list of endangered species published by the World Conservation Union for 1996, 25% of mammal species population is threatened with extinction. The Red list of endangered species is a scientific assessment of the status of the world’s animal species. Although it carries no legal force this international compilation is seen by many scientist and conservationist as a warning of global decline in the wildlife biodiversity. The report also sates that 24 of the 26 orders of mammalian species are at the brink of extinction globally with an excess of 50% of the neotropical mammalian species. A leading cause of this decline in population is due to habitat degradation and destruction which is mostly due to human population and economic development, such as, over hunting, pollution and deforestation. There is also the introduction of non native species that plays a significant threat to mammalian species survival along side climatic changes. This assignment will discuss the factors affecting mammal population in the neotropics and also I will seek to list the challenges managing these populations. Factors affecting mammals of the neotropics Humans are the chief cause of neotropical mammalian loss. They destroy the plants which provide food and also shelter for the animals and also hunt for them and utilize their meat as food and their skin for clothing. Plants are generally taxonomically diverse and omnipresent. They function as primary producers hence; they are the most critical components in the maintenance of a vibrant functional mammalian population. It provides food for almost all mammals, coverings for numerous organisms, stabilize water sheds functioning and also provide a variety of other critical ecological functions such as stabilizing the earth’s oxygen content and nitrogen fixation which are vital for the animals’ survival. Most of this destruction by humans (a mammal) occurs to clear land for agriculture and cattle grazing, even though much of the forested land is inappropriate for farming or ranching. Cutting down of the plant removes most of the nutrients from the ecosystem, leaving soil tha t will only be able to support intensive agriculture for a couple of seasons. Over the past decade, Large-scale forest fires, timber extraction by local and foreign companies, mining, the building of dams, and population growth have also made significant contributions to forest loss in the neotropics. Population growth and economic expansion have led to the construction of new roads and buildings that both physically and ecologically fragment the forest, reducing its vitality. The now plantless lands or once forested areas are subsequently being used for the construction of homes, and consequently animals are being forced to migrate form these areas resulting in reduction in the species population. Habitat fragmentation could result in the loss and strain on the mammalian population. Some animals can benefit from the fragments of land while others may not. Depending on the size of the island patches large animals like jaguars can find it very difficult to obtain sufficient food for their survival. Many mammals such as manatees, cows, pigs, and sheep just to name a few are hunted and used by humans for food purposes. In addition to be hunted for food purposes some animals are hunted primarily for clothing and ornamental purposes. Wildlife trade also reduces the population or destroys the habitat of many neotropical mammals. Wild life trade is the third largest illegal trade in the world and it has an estimate of $1 billion on the Brazilian market alone. It affects most of the species that are officially listed as endangered species. As it relates to Brazil wildlife animals are officially being held in captivity including the threatened species such as the golden lion tamarin and the capuchin monkeys. Over the years, penalties have been enforced on poachers and people who obtain the wild animals. Mammals that are being taken out of their natural habitat are being trained and used as game animals for exhibition and economical purposes. Neotropical environments are also threatened by intensifying and poorly planned developments. Such development has resulted in ecosystem devastation. Pollution of rivers, beaches and other water beds by industrial, municipal and human waste has resulted in the loss or illness of many aquatic mammals such as dolphins. In the most industrialized country, Brazil, pollution in the area has often resulted in acid rain over the forest remnants. Fires such as campfires and accidental forest fires play a critical role in the depletion of the species. Noise pollution also plays a part in the disturbance of mammals’ population especially underwater noise pollution which is a disturbing problem that is quickly degrading the ocean life. This type of pollution can be described in many ways, simply because the ocean is filled to the brim with loud noises coming from various sources for example, military sonar, used for defensive and research purposes, fishing boats, merchant ships, research vessels, and oil rigs. Some of these noises are as a result of human activity. The increase of noise in the ocean has adverse effects on marine mammals in almost every aspect of their life, one of which is their behaviour. In order to communicate with each other, many species of whales depend on hearing calls from other whales. These calls can easily be hidden behind acoustic masking from sounds in the same frequency ranges. For example, the calls of baleen whales (humpback, blue, fin, and grey whales) are frequencies that range from 20 to 500 Hz. Sonar and even natural sources frequencies of sounds can mask the calls of whales and other marine mammals and significantly alter their natural behaviors. This noise can also cover other behaviors such as dolphin special echolocation skills used for navigational purposes, foraging for food, and communication within the specific group members. You can get expert help with your essays right now. Find out more The building of roads and other building can divide biomes and isolate many animals in the neotropics through the clearing of trees. Road traffic also causes pollution and also kills many of the animals. Many highways and buildings have been built without necessary environmental impact reports, and many are left unfinished, leaving neighboring areas vulnerable to severe erosion, that can have negative outcome on the animals’ survival. Climatic changes can also have impacts on the species population. High environmental temperatures can lessen male fertility by damaging or killing sperm, While, it can also trigger blood flow changes that reduce the flow of blood to the uterine tract, damaging or killing developing embryos in females thus lowering, their fertility rate. All the above factors can have and is having a great impact on the neotropical mammal population. Challenges managing the factors affecting the neotropic mammal population Although neotropical mammals, are faced with many challenges in dealing with their continuous existence, various managing schemes are being put in place to prevent these hazardous impacts to control their population. Conservation projects have being established in selected areas in an attempt to reverse the trend in declining population sizes. These projects play a vital part in the development of ecotourism in almost all parts of the neotropics and also the protection and conservation of various animal species. In terms of ecotourism development, tourists will have to pay to visit areas with interesting natural and cultural features. Conservationists from the various projects can also work along with local communities to educate people about the value of the wildlife in the area, to eliminate illegal hunting and to assist communities in developing farming and logging methods that are habitat and also animal friendly. The implementation of national parks and other private organizations can also play a part in conservation activities that can help to eradicate and protect the neotropical animals who lives are at stake. In addition to the development in ecotourism, the establishment of protected areas can also play a part in protecting the species diversity. Protected areas establishment will tend to have important economic as well as social function in conserving biodiversity. Captive breeding is another managing scheme which can help with this. It focuses on the reproduction of rare animals in captivity. The legal practice of captive breeding increases the population of many endangered species world wide. Species that are being held captive in this way can serve as a demographic and genetic reservoir for the species. Examples of few neotropical mammals held captive are the golden lion tamarin the capuchin monkeys, seals manatees and wildcats such as jaguar. A penalty of a fixed amount should be enforced to the various people of the different regions who practice the illegal capturing and use of the animals in the wild for their own purposes such as exploitation and over hunting. In 1975, the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) treaty prohibited international trade on most wild cats and was dramatically effective in curtailing trade of jaguar skins. In closing it can be noted that a wise approach towards the neotropical regions can be of great importance in the conservation of the animals species diversity. Although many of these approach are being taken by humans (a mammal), much more measures should be put in place try and curb this situation, because they are some heartless people who are still practicing these unlawful activities and should be punished for their heartless actions. With this in place there will be a rich mammalian population not only in the neotropical regions but also other parts of the world. References Lindley, David (1998) Webster’s New World Dictionary of Science, Helicon Publishing Limited Whitmore, T.C. (1998) An Introduction to Tropical Rain Forests, Second Edition Oxford University Press New York www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/cerrado/biodiversity.xml date accessed 2008-02-26 http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/aar.cfm?id=conservation date accessed 2008-02-26

Victorian Newspapers -- Victorian Time Period

Victorian Newspapers: The Source for Inquiring Minds In William Makepeace Thackeray's novel Vanity Fair, George Sedley Osborne exhibits a desire to have his name appear in the newspapers. Furthermore, he is not the only one in Vanity Fair who is concerned with the newspapers, considering the fact that the words "newspaper" and "newspapers" appear twenty-two times in Thackeray's novel. Still, there is much more to know about Victorian newspapers than Thackeray imparts to his readers. Although George is unsuccessful in getting his name in print, the following information will be successful in illustrating to its readers the when, where, and why of newspapers in the Victorian era. The Nineteenth century included a monumental step for the world of newspapers. In fact, the "first papers to resemble the daily newspaper of the mid-twentieth century were the penny papers of the 1830's" (Hartman 17). Though their origins began in the Victorian era, the newspapers read today barely resemble the sparse "penny papers" years ago (Hartman 17). Reader Appeal Victorian newspapers found their start as expensive publications that were essentially unattainable by the lower classes. The reason for this inaccessibility is accounted for by the additional tax placed on newspapers during this time. This tax "took the form of a stamp duty, paid and recorded on every copy" ("Images"). Nevertheless, the sales of newspapers continually climbed. In addition, the "early select papers appealed only to man, the political animal" (Sampson 855). Indeed, the majorities of topics found in an early Victorian newspaper were political, and also sought to be partisan, rather than non-partisan. Finally, towards the end of the century, papers appealing to the "whol... ...ttp://www.uk.olivesoftware.com>. "Concise History of the British Newspaper in the 19th Century." The British Library Newspaper Library. The British Library Board. 09 Nov. 2004 . Dowd, Robert C. "A Brief History of Newspaper Publishing in Florida." The Florida Newspaper Project. University of Florida. 07 Nov. 2004 . "Extracts from the Times." Monuments and Dust: The Culture of Victorian London Collection. University of Virginia. 07 Nov. 2004 . Leary, Patrick. "Newspapers." Victoria Research Web. 07 Nov. 2004 . Rinhart, Floyd and Marion. Victorian Florida: America's Last Frontier. Atlanta, GA.: Peachtree Publishers, Ltd., 1986.

How Serious Is Forest Depletion In Pakistan Environmental Sciences Essay

Pakistan has approximately 4.2 million hour angle covered by woods, which is tantamount to 4.8 per centum of the entire land country ( Government of Pakistan 2003 ) , which is really low when compared with 30 per centum for the universe ( FAO 2001 ) . Entire forests country of different states and districts of Pakistan viz. Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab, North West Frontier Province ( NWFP ) , Azad Kashmir and Northern countries is 0.92, 0.33, 0.69, 1.21, 0.42, and 0.66 million hour angle severally ( Government of Pakistan 2003 ) . This shows that most of the forest distribution is in northern portion of the state ( 40 per centum of state ‘s entire woods are in NWFP, 15.7 per centum in Northern Areas and 6.5 per centum in Azad Kashmir ) . There is a great assortment of species because of the state ‘s great physiographic and climatic contrasts. The woods of the state are of assorted types such as ( a ) litoral and swamp woods, ( B ) tropical dry deciduous woods, ( degree Cels ius ) tropical thorn woods, ( vitamin D ) sub-tropical broadleaf evergreen woods, ( vitamin E ) sub-tropical pine woods, ( degree Fahrenheit ) Himalayan moist temperate woods, ( g ) Himalayan dry temperate woods, ( H ) sub-alpine woods and ( I ) alpine chaparral. The predominating species are of cone-bearing type ( Ahmed and Mahmood, 1998 ; Qazi 1994 ; Poffenberger 2000 ; Suleri 2002 ) . Forest depletion is one of the most serious environmental issues for Pakistan. Harmonizing to an estimation 39 thousand hectares of woods are disappearing yearly. Between the old ages 1990 and 2000, the deforestation rate in Pakistan was 1.5 % yearly ( FAO, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, some South and Southeast Asiatic states, including Cambodia, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka are losing woods at rates transcending 1.4 per centum per twelvemonth. These are among the highest rates of forest loss in the universe. Within South Asia, the rate of forest depletion is highest in Pakistan, despite intensive support from international giver bureaus and legion planetary and local enterprises for forest preservation, policy preparation, and improved administration. ( Rashid, S. 1993 ) . Timber is a cherished trade good in Pakistan, with monetary values presently twice the universe norm, a map of both deficits in domestic supply and import responsibilities. Therefore, both bets and net incomes are high. Despite assorted steps and policy recommendations to minimise the negative influence of powerful local elites, they continue to be active participants in logging and other commercial activities. ( Shahbaz B, Suleri AQ. 2009 ) The forest shrinking in Pakistan is non merely merely because of the direct causes but besides intercession of other authorities sections for the land of forest section for their intents ; for new lodging strategies and allocation of the land to the workers, for route and railroad and other development undertakings in the state throughout the history. The forest sections maintain an antique forestry statute law and disposal, which presents many loopholes which can be exploited by influential persons – the â€Å" lumber Mafia † – who are depriving lumber from the few staying natural woods. ( Shahbaz B, Suleri AQ. 2009 ) Politicians, contractors and administrative officials tend to organize informal webs that give them unsusceptibility from forest Torahs and a free manus to set about forest operations at their ain discretion. To add fuel to the fire, some unscrupulous elements of the Forest Department have facilitated contractors for hard currency inducements – such as payoffs to the local FD staff for every three-dimensional pes of lumber ( Rashid, 1993 ) . The political economic system of the forestry sector has besides become really clear. In the hierarchy of influence, politicians and the â€Å" lumber Mafia † collude to derive entree to lucrative contracts and grants and therefore exert the most influence on wood policy and determinations ( Shahbaz B, Suleri AQ. 2009 ) . The general absence of political will has encouraged the runners and Mafia to spread out their illegal activities in the lumber trade. ( Rashid, S. 1993 ) This survey intends to concentrate attending on this of import factor behind forest screen shrinking in Pakistan i.e. , the function of province sections and lumber Mafia.LITERATURE REVIEWPakistan is a state with low forest screen ; there are merely 0.03 hour angle of forest per capita compared to the universe norm of one hour angle. With the population turning at 2.6 per centum yearly, the forest country per capita is worsening. The country of public woods can non be expanded and trees grown on private lan d lend well to the state ‘s wood production ; this will increase in the hereafter. During 2000/01, Pakistan imported mush and paper merchandises deserving Rs.7 646 million and exhausted Rs.915 million on wood and lumber imports. Pakistan yearly exports athleticss and furniture goods deserving Rs.2 to 3 billion. ( National Forest Policy Review ) Harmonizing to statistics issued in 2006 by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs, forests cover about 4.22 million hectares in Pakistan, merely 4.8 per centum of the entire land country. However, there is considerable contention over the precise forest country in Pakistan, as different national and international bureaus have published statistics based on different definitions of what comprises a wood. Areas designated as â€Å" forest countries † are simply lands under the administrative control of the provincial wood section. Thus, officially designated woods may be devoid of trees while considerable tree screen may be found in countries Other than the designated woods. ( Shahbaz B, Suleri AQ. 2009 ) After divider of the Indian sub-continent in 1947 the new province of Pakistan was left with a really little forest gift of approximately 7 % 1 of its entire land country. This little forest resource base was even further reduced to less than 5 % after the separation of East-Pakistan in 1972. ( INRMP ) The forestry sector contributes merely 0.3 per centum to the GNP. This excludes the indirect benefits that forests provide. Annual wood production is 3.5 million M3, which satisfies the domestic demand for industrial wood. Forest and related little industries provide employment for more than 500 000 people. Forests and rangelands provide eatage to 90 million caput of farm animal. Forests play a critical function in protecting the water partings of Tarbela and Mangla reservoirs, which are really of import for hydropower coevals and for providing H2O to extensive irrigation webs in the fields of Punjab and Sindh states. Annual harm ensuing from inundations, dirt eroding and siltation of reservoirs is estimated at Rs2.3 billion. ( National Forest Policy Review ) Deforestation is one of the most important planetary environmental jobs. Forms of forest debasement are peculiarly seeable in many parts of Asia and Africa. Harmonizing to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, some South and Southeast Asiatic states, including Cambodia, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka are losing woods at rates transcending 1.4 per centum per twelvemonth. These are among the highest rates of forest loss in the universe. Within South Asia, the rate of forest depletion is highest in Pakistan, despite intensive support from international giver bureaus and legion planetary and local enterprises for forest preservation, policy preparation, and improved administration. Deforestation ever brings negative effects. In September 1992, Pakistan experienced the worst inundations in the state ‘s history, and the vanished woods in the northern water partings were regarded as one of the chief possible causes. Therefore, the federal authorities imposed a complete prohibition on logging in 1993. But the prohibition did non take into history the state ‘s ain lumber demands, and the prohibition non merely triggered illegal logging at that place, but besides led to smuggling of lumber from Afghanistan into Pakistan, doing extended deforestation in Afghanistan. On October 8, 2005, Pakistan suffered its worst catastrophe in history, when an temblor of 7.6 on the Richter graduated table struck South Asia, doing tremendous devastation in the cragged countries of northwest Pakistan. Massive landslides caused farther loss to the part ‘s dwellers. The landslides occurred largely in the bald hills, whereas topographic points with good wood screen suffe red less devastation. ( Shahbaz B, Suleri AQ. 2009 ) Many accounts sing deforestation in the cragged parts of the subcontinent are offered. Most current among these is the Theory of Himalayan Environmental Degradation [ THED ] . The THED ascribes deteriorating environmental conditions of the Himalaya part to the increasing population force per unit area in the delicate mountain ecological environment. The 2nd statement addresses the wider socioeconomic processes-especially urbanisation of the lowland countries and the corresponding addition in the demand for lumber. This besides includes developmental activities and substructure enlargement in the cragged areas-particularly opening up of antecedently unaccessible woods due to building of roads. Alternatively, another strand of research underscores the political economic system attack to resource debasement. For illustration, research has looked into the rent seeking activities of the communities shacking in/around the woods as a beginning of deforestation25. Failure of the authorities to set up a proper institutional set-up for forest direction has besides been blamed as the cause of forest diminution. ( L. Hassan ) The unhallowed confederation between private wood contractors and forest functionaries taking to illegal logging activities has besides been quoted as one of import ground for forest diminution. ( Knudsen. 1996 ) The demands from forest proprietors, right- and non-right holders for lumber, fire-wood, graze and other non-timber wood green goods for subsistence increased significantly with rapid growing in human population, farm animal and alterations in life manners. Often local demands went beyond legal rights offered by assorted legal classs of the woods and several de facto demands were added, many of them pursued by illegal agencies. The of all time shriveling forest base particularly in the countries where such demands had out-grown disproportionately to the forest resource, created instabilities between sustainable supplies and existent demands for subsistence, income addendums to the local hapless and illegal commercial development by the â€Å" lumber Mafia † . ( INRMP ) Harmonizing to Geiser ( 2000 ) , â€Å" in pattern, forest resources are made unaccessible for the hapless and marginalized subdivisions of the communities, whereas the influential along with members of the timber Mafia consumed these resources at their ain Sweet will. †DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONAs figures above show that Pakistan is among those states that have really high deforestation rates. Forests in Pakistan are really diverse in nature and of important importance for the state ‘s economic system and supports. Multitudes of people who live in or around these woods depend for their nutrient, shelter, fuel and other such demands on the woods resources partly or entirely and same is the ground incrimination for development and debasement of woods is put on them. A few others take hapless and unsustainable direction of the woods, deficiency of jurisprudence enforcement, hapless institutional capacity of authorities sections, hapless life conditions and deficiency of installations for locals, unplanned development and other such grounds as possible grounds for the forest debasement in the state. There are besides commercial involvements to function supplies to the lumber market and to fulfill Government grosss from forestry. Alongside there exists a big scale illegal commercial development of woods by the alleged â€Å" lumber Mafia. In this paper I have tried to foreground the function of â€Å" Timber Mafia † in forest development and debasement far beyond the sustainable degree. The complete development of woods is a consequence of utilizing the woods for economic intents and non due to the subsistence patterns of the locals. The economic utilizations when knew no bounds were halted by the authorities policies to restrict the forest development above the sustainable degrees. This prompted the illegal film editing and coming of the Timber Mafia. The term â€Å" Timber Mafia † encompasses the contractors, persons, organisations and even the corrupt authorities establishments who somehow or other by their strong lobbying and graft cut the woods even from the countries where lumber harvest home is non allowed. ( INRMP ) defines timber Mafia as The term â€Å" timber Mafia † is a conversational term used throughout NWFP to measure up a group of people engaged in illegal lumber reaping for commercial intents. This group, in assorted configurations, include local lumber runners, Guzara proprietors, former harvest home contractors, local timber-traders, sawmill proprietors, and – at times – forestry staff and local politicians. The lumber Mafia non merely uses such agencies but besides through buttonholing affects the forest policies that would in turn safeguard their involvements as good. In confederation with the Forest Departments they use the loopholes of the forest policies. Furthermore Law enforcement for wood protection is weak and punishments devised by assorted legal instruments such as the Pakistan Forest Act ( 1927 ) , the Hazara Forest Act ( 1936 ) , provincial wildlife regulations and related Acts of the Apostless are uneffective. In add-on to this, none of the past wood policies identified unsustainable commercial lumber reaping and forest depletion by the powerful â€Å" lumber Mafia † supported by politicians and vested involvements as jobs. With the turning scarceness of lumber in the wider market in Pakistan, lumber monetary values increased quickly and illegal harvest home created an extra load on the woods in NWFP. There were besides such policies like Timber reaping prohibition in NWFP which was an of import policy determination by the authorities with effects for the full forestry sector in the state but it besides gave a roar to the Timber Smugglers who when saw that there is no room for run intoing their demands, they shifted their attending to already war wreck Afghanistan so burden on the woods of was shifted from Pakistan to Afghanistan. Another of import factor in illegal commercial harvest home by lumber Mafia are the wages of forest staff, particularly the field staff in lower ranks. Their wages are so light despite the fact that they were keepers of immense forest wealth. Gangs of illegal lumber bargainers have been so influential, good equipped, nomadic and ready to take hazard of damaging, harming, pain, and even slaying the forest staff, who offer opposition and create barriers and limitations in their manner. By and large, the field staff does non acquire the needed degree of support from the Government in commanding or groking the ill-famed wood wrongdoers. Neither the forest offense instances are adjudicated quickly, nor the penalties awarded by the tribunals are appropriate to their magnitude and earnestness. Furthermore, non merely does the mechanism of monitoring, detection, and describing little forest offenses lack answerability but it besides remains weak in the mechanism employed for big graduated ta ble felling. These are the conditions that affect the morale, professionalism, transparence and efficiency of the forest staff. In weaving up and reasoning the treatment I make note of the failings of our policies and establishments to turn to the Timber Mafia in existent sense in its policies and statute laws. My analysis besides allows me to province that the singular difference in the supply and demand of the lumber in the state should be addressed earnestly. My first observation is on the issue of utilizing the woods for economic intents by the strong and influential in the state who on one manus are involved in policy preparation and on the other they are found to be in complete confederation with the runners who with their cooperation non merely excel the statute laws but besides use the loopholes in the wood policies for their intents. It is besides noteworthy that in the name of the protected woods and other such types locals who used to be keepers of the woods themselves ( as they were determiners of their better supports ) were marginalized and woods were declared reserved and protected and so on so it was a kind of free manus to the runners, lumber Mafia and corrupt politicians who are working the woods to their will. Forests are leased out and given on contract that so called â€Å" Conservation Policies † allow the authorities sections to make so. It has changed the position of the woods from Vital Component of Nature to mere â€Å" Revenue Generators † . Revenue coevals belongings of the lumber has outperformed the other of import maps and belongingss of the woods in Pakistan. Furthermore, though the measure limitations had been imposed on the wood remotion by the community, the province itself was involved in inordinate lumber reaping for the building of camps and railroads and province itself is involved in marginalising and coming into direct struggle with the local communities by striping locals of their due royalties and portion on forest resources. The general absence of political will has encouraged the runners and Mafia to spread out their illegal act ivities in the lumber trade. Local people, if given sufficient powers and province support, can efficaciously battle illegal logging, but a sense of ownership is critical. Better, safe and sustainable direction of forest resources can besides be achieved by beef uping of the administrative and protective capablenesss of Provincial Forest Department and by supplying weaponries, wireless sets and operational vehicles and besides by apportioning magisterial powers on Forest Officers to take prompt awareness of forest offenses.

Writing a Research Paper on Cloud Storage for Education

Writing a Research Paper on Cloud Storage for Education Writing a Research Paper on Cloud Storage for Education For the past several years, cloud computing has been one of the most frequently heard terms. Nowadays we all understand the basic concept of the matter: cloud storage provides the use with an opportunity to avail of secure, safe and almost unlimited means of storing digital material on the web, without the necessity to depend on personal data centers and personal hardware. But how can a cloud computing become a part of an academic research paper? As an option, make sure to base your project on the advantages of the cloud storage for education. Instant Access from Anywhere. Forget all the â€Å"my neighbor’s dog ate my paper† excuses! From now on you can access your photo projects, papers, presentation from your personal mobile device or PC. Go Mobile! It’s time to leave your laptop at home because it’s time for your mobile phone to shine! All you need is your Smartphone to get a quick access to all the data, as well as share your files on the go. Just make certain to pick the device you may need and then – access all photos, files, music and so on via the Cloud. Easy File Share. If you need to instantly share some files with your class mates or professors, make sure to make use of the Cloud. Moreover, the item provides you with an opportunity to edit and send the files back while both drafts will be saved to the shared folder. Stay in Sync. Due to the multi-user sync, you can easily sync the same folder with your classmates locally. Thus, all the adds, changes and edits made to that folder will be updated on every PC automatically. Forget about the emailing back and forth and enjoy the most updated version of every file 24/7! Backup. Do not think about PC crushes, accidently dropped laptops, etc. Having the Cloud there with you will be 100% sure that all data will be automatically backed up. Apart from a bunch of benefits for the college and university students, the Cloud brings a lot of benefits for the teachers as well. Make sure to investigate this side of the matter in your research paper. Avail of the iPad During the Lesson. It’s not a secret that college and university professors use various tablets and gadgets in order to make the lessons more interesting with various videos, presentations and music files. Instant streaming without the wait will help them to easily pull stream videos and presentations. Collaborate in the Classroom. The Cloud provides the teachers with an opportunity to share all files with every student in the group or with the whole class. Thus, students can collaborate together on team papers. Instant Access to the Data. Professors have an instant access to the academic information from their work PC, tablet, which means the whole process of data organization as easy as pie. Use for Personal/Work Use. Cloud gives you a chance to create special folders for both – personal and work use. This makes the organization and distribution of data and documents simpler. If you need a custom written paper from our research paper service just visit our website and fill in the order form!

Fish Gills essays

Fish Gills essays Not all animals have lungs. Many animals live in environments where lungs would be efficient enough for survival. Gills are another type of respiratory system, which are very efficient at removing oxygen from water: there is only 1/20 the amount of oxygen present in water as in the same volume of air. Gills greatly increase the surface area for gas exchange and they occur in a variety of animal groups including arthropods (including some terrestrial crustaceans), annelids, fish, and amphibians. Gills are typically comprised of a gill arch, which contain veins and arteries that supply blood flow to the attached gill filaments. The arches are a rigid stucture which provide support and protection for the attached lamellae. There are usually two types of filaments, which are attached, primary and secondary. Primary lamellae (or gill filaments) extend perpendicular from the gill arch. The filaments are located close together arranged in rows extending from both sides of the gill arches. With usually 4 gill arches side by side per side of the fish (Graham, 1997) the filaments form a sieve through which the ventilatory water must pass. (Evans, 1998) Each primary lamellae house an efferent and afferent blood vessel, which supplies the secondary lamellae. Secondary lamellae extend vertically from the primary lamellae (or filaments) and are placed closely together forming small channels for water to flow through. Each secondary lamella is made up of two sheets of epithelial cells with pillar cells that hold them apart. These pillar cells form small tunnels within each secondary lamellae that act as channels for blood to perfuse through. Pillar cells are used to help regulate gas exchange across the secondary lamellae surfaces. The pillar cells have the ability to expand or contract, increasing or decreasing the size of the blood flow tunnels. This allows more or less blood to perfuse through the tunnels, it al...

Hot Coffee at McDonald's Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hot Coffee at McDonald's - Case Study Example If a consumer is happy, more business transactions can be completed. This is good for both the consumer and businesses. Â  Prescriptions should have a fair price value, although sometimes do not. That is why generic medicine is cheaper. Many patients want name brand, but the generic is the same ingredients. Prescription prices should be regulated like any other product. Cost of prescriptions should be based on manufacturing cost, profit, and loss. Pharmaceutical companies are businesses. They are in business to make money. Pharmaceutical companies are not in the business of helping people. Researchers might want to help people, but in the end, business is what makes the American economy work. Â  Pharmaceutical companies do not have a moral obligation to make lifesaving drugs in poor countries at little or no cost. However, it does make good publicity if they do provide lifesaving drugs to poor countries at little or no cost. It also makes business sense due to tax benefits to charitable organizations. Morally pharmaceutical companies are businesses. They legally and morally should not sell drugs that harm. However, they do not have to give their product away for free. Pharmaceutical companies are businesses, not charitable organizations. Â  The Doe Run Company should pay the costs of cleaning up Herculaneum. Despite the fact the Doe Run Company has been in business before EPA laws on lead, the Company has been violating known EPA laws for years. This is why the Company should be responsible for cleaning up the town. Willful lawbreakers should have to pay the cost for cleanups. It is not the town people’s fault.

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Response - Essay Example One can feel Mrs. Mallard’s sentiments of relief and liberation when reports of her husband’s death finally dawn on her. Although she openly weeps in the presence of her sister Josephine, she locks herself in her room and all of a sudden feels relieved from her husband’s death. According to Chopin, Mrs Millard kept whispering â€Å"free! Body and soul free!† as a show of exhilaration (Chopin 13).Mrs. Millard openly questions the meaning of love in human life. She claims it is meaningless if one only loves unwillingly. She wonders, â€Å"What could love the unsolved mystery count for in face of this possession of self-assertion† (Cunningham & Reich 725). In addition, Mrs. Millard terms this as the strongest impulse of her being. She goes on to wish she that could have existed a bit longer life now that her companion was supposedly dead. The author cites the main proponent’s fancy was running towards the days ahead of her. This is a clear indication of how unwillingly married she was to Brently and wished they could separate because this will add meaning to her life. Her husband had been silencing her will since she married him and his death adds meaning to her life, as she felt free from a authoritarian husband. I believe the kind of marriage that individuals involve themselves in highly determines the kind of life the individuals lead and their attitude in general. In many instances, when ones marriage is not comfortable and the person has an oppressive spouse, he or she has a negative attitude towards several things. Freedom plays a vital role in a human being’s attitude and in marriage, it is essential that each spouse is free to express their views and ideas. Ones nationality also influences someone’s attitude in diverse ways. For instance, when one identifies him or herself to a certain nation that has done well, the person is more confident in the midst of other and proud. Race plays an essential role in either